Course Description
This seminar entails a study of gas compression and expansion laws applied to industrial processes followed by an illustration of the different types of rotating machines usually
encountered
in
plants
, and their related aspects. The aim is to provide a satisfactory approach to the problems posed by compressors and turbines and the means to solve them.
Course Objective
At the end of this seminar participants will have:
· An understanding of the construction and operational constraints of centrifugal compressors and steam turbines.
· Knowledge of how to optimally maintain the equipment for the benefit of the company
· Hints and Tips for practical application of monitoring technologies so as to achieve the best results.
Who Should attend?
This seminar is directed towards Supervisors, Team Leaders and Managers in Maintenance , Engineering and Production . The seminar will also benefit anyone who wishes to update themselves on Centrifugal Compressors and Steam Turbines, judge the suitability of them for their needs, and learn how to operate and maintain them for the benefit of their
organisations
Course Outline
Day 1 - Gas Laws & Compression Theory
Compression and Expansion Fundamentals
· Gas Equations
o Ideal gas equation and practical application
o Isentropic, polytropic compression
o Mass and volume capacity
· Practical compression laws
o Effect of process temperature
o Power of compression
· Mollier diagrams
o For gas and steam
Compression and Expansion Mechanisms
· Compression Basics
o Euler’s law, applications for compressors and turbines,
o characteristic curves
o velocities triangle
· Blade types
o Impulse profile and Reaction profile – where each type are used and why.
· Dynamic Effects
o Mach number: effect on temperature, pressure and density;
o Subsonic and supersonic machines
· Simple Calculations
o Dimensionless coefficients, specific speeds
Day 2 – Practical Applications
Compressor and Turbine Performance and Operation
· Affinity Laws for centrifugal impellers
o Calculating effect of speed change
o Calculating effect of impeller changes
· Characteristic curves
o Effect of change on operating and process parameters
· Operational Problems
o Surge
o Stonewall
o Range of working efficiency
· Capacity control methods
o Speed change
o Inlet guide vanes
· Commissioning
o Pre start checks
o Vibration survey
o Runup/rundown analyses
Day 3 – Steam Plant & Turbines
Steam turbines
· Turbine Characteristics
o Speed
o Specific consumption
o Efficiency
· Steam Conditions
o Influence of inlet steam state
o Effects of exhaust steam
· Control Systems
o Speed governor
o Pressure & temperature control systems
· Safety devices
o Overspeed
o Overpressure
· Associated Equipment
o Condensers
o Pumps
o Boilers
Day 4 - Turbine Construction & Maintenance
Construction and Systems
· Construction
o Casings
o Diaphragms
o Stator
o Blades
· Bearings & Seals
o Rotor, journal and thrust bearings
o Internal and shaft seals
o Coupling
· Rotor Dynamics
o Balance
o Critical speeds
· Associated Systems
o Lubrication system
o Seal systems
· Typical mechanical incidents
Day 5 – Engineering Aspects
Engineering
· API specifications
· Information required for bidding
· Factory tests
